Research Guides: Astronomy & Astrophysics: Organizing and Citing

Using Bibliographic Management Tools to Organize

EndNote
EndNote is an application that imports citations from your searches in web databases and helps you organize your references. It works with Microsoft Word helping you create in-text citations, footnotes, and bibliographies. Available through an ITS license for a fee. Guide to using EndNote.

EndNote Online
NOTE: You must create a free personal account with Web of Science to access EndNote Online.
EndNote Online is a Web-based reference organizer and writing solution, fullly integrated with Web of Science. It is the ideal, time-saving solution for students and researchers.

Open Source / Free Tools

Mendeley
A free reference manager and academic social network. Make your own fully-searchable library in seconds, cite as you write, and read and annotate your PDFs on any device. Guide to using Mendeley.
Zotero
A free web-browser plugin to help you collect, organize, cite, and share your research sources. Guide to using Zotero.

Style Guides

There are many different citation styles that are used for research papers. Ask your professor if there is a style that they prefer. Whichever style you choose, apply it consistently throughout your paper.

AIP Style Manual by American Institute of Physics
Call Number: QC5.45 .A45 1990
Print copy located in the Reference collection at Hamilton Library.
Scientific Style and Format : the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers by Council of Science Editors
Call Number: T11 .S386 2014
8th Edition (2014)
Print copy located in the Reference collection at Hamilton Library.

Thesis & Dissertation
From the Office of Graduate Education, this site is devoted to helping students complete their theses and dissertations, with guidance about style, citations, formatting, and copyright.

Citation Examples

Citation examples based on the References chapter from the 7th Edition of Scientific Style and Format (CSE 2006).

Citing a Journal Article (Print)

End Reference:
Klee GA. 1976. Traditional time reckoning and resource utilization. Micronesica. 12(2):211-246.

In-text reference:
(Klee 1976)

Citing a Journal Article (Electronic)

End Reference:
Henry T. 1907. Tahitian astronomy. J Polyn Soc [Internet]. [cited 2015 Jul 30]; 16(2):101-104. Available from http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document.php?wid=691

In-text reference:
(Henry 1907)

Citing a Book

End Reference:
Fort C. 1941. The Books of Charles Fort. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

In-text reference:
(Fort 1941)

Citing a Chapter of a Book

End Reference:
Peralto LN. 2014. Mauna a Wākea: hānau ka mauna, the piko of our ea. In: Goodyear-Kaʻōpua N, Hussey I, Wright EK, editors. A nation rising: Hawaiian movements for life, land, and sovereignty. Durham: Duke University Press. p.232-243.

In-text reference:
(Peralto 2014)

Citing a Dissertation

End Reference:
McDougall BN. 2011. 'O ka lipo o ka lā, 'o ka lipo o ka pō: cosmogonic kaona in contemporary Kanaka Maoli literature. [dissertation]. [Honolulu]: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

In-text reference:
(McDougall 2011)

[CSE] Council of Science Editors, Style Manual Committee. 2006. Scientific style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers. 7th ed. Reston (VA): Council of Science Editors. Chapter 29, References; p. 490-575.

Why Cite?

Nānā i ke kumu

Citing the work that supports your research is both an ethical issue and a legal issue.

The ethics of citing is based on the scholarly tradition of giving credit for information and ideas that are not one's own. Science has a long tradition of acknowledging priority through citations. You have the ethical responsibility to cite all works that were used to support your research, to give credit to the earlier work and to provide a clear path for those who follow in your footsteps.

Or, to put it another way:

I ulu no ka lālā i ke kumu.
The branches grow because of the trunk.
Without our ancestors we would not be here.*

An example of some legal aspects of citing can be found in Copyrights, Title 17 of the U.S. Code, which describes the legal protections of authors' and creators' intellectual property rights within U.S. law.

*Pukui MK. 1983. ʻŌlelo Noʻeau : Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. [1261] p.137.

What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is defined as:

"The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft"

"plagiarism, n." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web. 21 May 2015. Available from: http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144939

See the University of Hawaiʻi Student Conduct Code for more information.

Need More Help?

Sci/Tech Librarians Email:
sciref@hawaii.edu