OCN 320 Aquatic Pollution: Citations

APA examples for electronic resources

These reference examples are taken directly from the APA Style Guide to Electronic References, 6th Edition, (shown on the right). For additional examples, click on the image to the guide or ask your librarian for help.

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp–pp. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx  

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp–pp. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

MAGAZINE ARTICLES

Clay, R. A. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back against the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/  

Borgatti, S. P., Mehra, A., Brass, D. J., & Labianca, G. (2009, February 13). Network analysis in the social sciences. Science, 323, 892–895. http://dx.doi.org /10.1126/science.1165821

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brains agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

WEBSITES & SOCIAL MEDIA

General reference format

Author, A. A. (year). Title of document [Format]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

Szalay, J. (2017, January 26). Lake Baikal: World's largest, deepest lake. Live Science [Website]. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/57653-lake-baikal-facts.html

Blog post

Laden, G. (2011, May 8). A history of childbirth and misconceptions about life expectancy [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2011/05/a_history_of_childbirth_and_mi.php

Twitter update or tweet

Obama, B. [BarackObama]. (2009, July 15). Launched American Graduation Initiative to help additional 5 mill. Americans graduate college by 2020: http://bit.ly/gcTX7 [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/2651151366

Facebook status update

APA Style. (2011, March 10). How do you spell success in APA Style? Easy! Consult Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary or APA’s Dictionary of Psychology. Read more over at the APA Style Blog [Facebook status update]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/APAStyle/posts/206877529328877

APA citation style guide

APA in-text citations

In the text body of your paper, you must name an author(s) each time you cite their work. There are two general options for in-text author citations:

1. Within the phrase, state the author(s) last name, then state the year of publication in parenthesis.
   
   Example: The compelling research by Leung (2014) suggests estuaries are no longer healthy habitats for salmon during the juvenile developmental stage.
    
2. Within the phrase, at the most logical point for reference, state the author(s) last name followed by a comma and the publication year within parenthesis.
   
   Example: The compelling research (Leung, 2014) suggests estuaries are no longer healthy habitats for salmon during the juvenile developmental stage.

A work by one author:

Research by Wagner (2015) suggests...

(Wagner, 2015)

A work by two authors:

Research by Henry and Cortez (2011) states...

(Henry & Cortez, 2011)

A work by three to five authors:

Shiba, Sumikawa, Green, and Luschek (1999) concluded...

(Shiba, Sumikawa, Green, & Luschek, 1999)  

In subsequent citations, use the first author's name followed by "et al." in a single phrase or in parenthesis.

(Shiba et al., 1999)

A work by six or more authors:

Christensen et al. (2003) argued...

(Christensen et al., 2003)