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Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Guide to selected UH Manoa Library and Web resources - especially those that relate to natural resource management in tropical island ecosystems

Bibliographic Management Tools

Endnote [$65 for program from ITS] | Guide to Using Endnote

Endnote is an application that imports citations from your searches in web databases and helps you organize your references. It works with Microsoft Word helping you create in-text citations, footnotes, and bibliographies.

Endnote Basic [Free] | Guide to Using Endnote Basic

EndNote Basic (formerly EndNote Web) is an online program that helps you organize references and create properly formatted bibliographies. This is a separate program from the desktop version of EndNote. It is a free version of EndNote available for institutions which subscribe to ISI Databases, like Web of Science.

Zotero [Free] | LibGuide to Using Zotero

Zotero is a plug-in from Mozilla that you use with the Firefox browser. Simply download the plug-in, activate the Zotero application by clicking on the Zotero icon in your browser. You can now capture citations into a library held on your hard drive or on a flash drive. Zotero works with Word and OpenOffice after you have downloaded the plug-ins.

Citing Sources

CSE Quick Citation Guide CSE (Council of Science Editors) Style is widely used in scientific disciplines, particularly in the natural and physical sciences. The CSE manual describes three systems of documentation. All three systems use a reference list at the end of the paper with complete source information.

  • The Name-Year system uses parenthetical citations consisting of the author's last name and year of publication
  • The Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name systems both use numbered references in the text to refer to the reference list at the end. In Citation-Sequence, the reference list is presented and numbered in the order the sources appear in the text, while in Citation-Name, the reference list is numbered alphabetically by author's last name.

Official Guidance from the CSE

CSE Name-Year Style Guides

Online CSE Citation-Name/Citation-Sequence Style Guides

Compare Bibliographic Management Tools

 

Bibliographic management tools comparison chart.

 

Why Cite?

Citing the work that supports your research is both an ethical issue and a legal issue.

The ethics of citing is based on the scholarly tradition of giving credit for information and ideas that are not one's own. Science has a long tradition of acknowledging priority through citations. You have the ethical responsibility to cite all works that were used to support your research, to give credit to the earlier work and to provide a clear path for those who follow in your footsteps.

As so eloquently expressed by Isaac Newton in a letter to Robert Hooke in 1675 (Merton 1965):

If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of Giants.

The legal issues of citing one's sources are codified in Copyrights, Title 17 of the U.S. Code, which describes the legal protections of authors' and creators' intellectual property rights.

[Merton, RK. 2006. On the shoulders of giants: a Shandean postscript. New York: The Free Press. p. 31]

Ecology and Society

Ecology and Society uses the Harvard Referencing Style.

University College of London Harvard Referencing LibGuide for examples and guidance in this citation style.

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