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Skip to Main ContentCiting the work that supports your research is both an ethical issue and a legal issue.
The ethics of citing is based on the scholarly tradition of giving credit for information and ideas that are not one's own. Science has a long tradition of acknowledging priority through citations. You have the ethical responsibility to cite all works that were used to support your research, to give credit to the earlier work and to provide a clear path for those who follow in your footsteps.
As so eloquently expressed by Isaac Newton in a letter to Robert Hooke in 1675 (Merton 1965):
If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of Giants.
The legal issues of citing one's sources are codified in Copyrights, Title 17 of the U.S. Code, which describes the legal protections of authors' and creators' intellectual property rights.
[Merton, RK. 2006. On the shoulders of giants: a Shandean postscript. New York: The Free Press. p. 31]
Citation Styles
AMA Citation Style
Endnote [$65 for individual site license from UHM ITS] | Guide to Using Endnote
Endnote is an application that imports citations from your searches in web databases and helps you organize your references. It works with Microsoft Word helping you create in-text citations, footnotes, and bibliographies.
Endnote Basic [Free] | Guide to Using Endnote Basic
EndNote Basic (formerly EndNote Web) is an online program that helps you organize references and create properly formatted bibliographies. This is a separate program from the desktop version of EndNote. It is a free version of EndNote available for institutions which subscribe to ISI Databases, like Web of Science.
Mendeley [Free] | Guide to Using Mendeley
Mendeley allows you to share references with others or to maintain a private library. Mendeley collections can be exported to Endnote or Zotero libraries. Mendeley works with Word 2008 and OpenOffice to insert citations into your documents. It enables you to extract citation information from downloaded pdfs.
Zotero [Free] | LibGuide to Using Zotero
Zotero is a free Web application that you can also download to your computer. The library you create on the Web will sync with your desktop Zotero library. This software has advanced significantly in the last few years and is definitely worth trying. Zotero works with Word and OpenOffice after you have downloaded the plug-ins to insert citations into your document and generate a bibliography.
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