Research Guides: Korea Collection: World War II materials in Korea Collection

Intro:

We delve into the profound narratives of Korean independence through a carefully curated selection of twelve influential books. This page will guide you through these compelling works that chronicle Korea's journey towards sovereignty. These selected texts provide deep insights into the historical, cultural, and ideological contexts that shaped Korea and its interactions on the global stage. Each book offers unique perspectives and critical analyses, making this guide an invaluable resource for understanding the complexities of Korea's past and the resilience of its people. Join us in exploring these diverse narratives, each a window into the rich tapestry of Korea's struggle for independence and its lasting impact on the world.

Conclusion:

The literature from this era provides a multifaceted perspective on Korea’s struggle for independence. Whether through Rhee Syngman’s incisive political analysis, Kim San’s poignant biography, or the diplomatic efforts documented in various texts, these books are essential for anyone seeking to comprehend the complex history of Korean independence. Exploring these works allows for a deeper appreciation of the sacrifices and strategies that have shaped modern Korea.

Thank you for accompanying me on this scholarly exploration of history through literature. This overview will inspire you to delve into these significant works and further explore the rich history they represent.

Selected Books:

Rhee, Syngman. Japan Inside Out; the Challenge of Today. New York: Fleming H. Revell company, 1941. (Main DS845 .R45)
The first book is Japan Inside Out by Rhee Syngman, a towering figure in Korea’s early political history. Rhee was not only the inaugural president of independent Korea but also a key leader in the Korean independence movement. His life, particularly his deep connections with Hawaii, underscores the global dimensions of Korea’s struggle. Published in 1941, this book provides a penetrating analysis of the political climate leading up to World War II. Rhee’s critique of Japanese expansionism and his foresight regarding the inevitable conflict between Japan and the United States were both contentious and prescient. This work is indispensable for those seeking to understand the ideological forces that shaped this tumultuous period.
Chang, Chi-rak, and Nym Wales. Song of Ariran, the Life Story of a Korean Rebel. New York: The John Day company, 1941. (Asia HX415.5.A8 C43 1941)
The next significant work is Song of Ariran by Nym Wales, a book that profoundly impacted me during my formative years. The protagonist, Kim San, is portrayed with the revolutionary zeal that resonates with the cultural icon Che Guevara. Although banned in South Korea during the 1980s due to its communist themes, this biography provides a vivid account of Kim San’s life as an independence activist. The book not only captures his personal struggles but also serves as a crucial primary source on the broader Korean independence movement. The title, Ariran, a traditional Korean song, symbolically encapsulates the deep sorrow and enduring resilience of the Korean people during this challenging era.

Diplomatic Efforts and "Condensed Reference: Korea and the Pacific War"

While Korean activists in China primarily focused on armed struggle, those in the West engaged in diplomatic and political efforts. Two noteworthy works, Condensed Reference: Korea and the Pacific War and Korea Must Be Free, epitomize these endeavors. These publications were designed to elicit support from Western nations by demonstrating Korea’s potential as an independent state. The tone of desperation evident in these writings reflects the intense yearning of Koreans to assert their nation's identity and capability on the international stage.

Condensed Reference : Korea and the Pacific War ; a Memorandum Prepared as a Partial Plan for More Effective Participation by the Korean People in the Present War and as a Guide to an Understanding of Korea’s Present and Post-War Problems, Her Economic St
This work discusses Korea's strategic importance in the Pacific War, offering a comprehensive overview of the Korean people’s contributions and the challenges they faced during and after the war. It serves as a guide to understanding Korea’s socio-economic and political landscape during this tumultuous period.
Korea Must Be Free. New York: I-X-L printing co., 1930. (Main DS908 .K6)
A concise pamphlet aimed at garnering Western support for Korean independence, it outlines the justifications for Korea's liberation from Japanese rule. Written in accessible language, it attempts to rally international sympathy and support by detailing the injustices faced under Japanese occupation.

The Korean Independence Movement in the United States

Korean Americans did not confine their activism to publications alone; they also actively participated in public demonstrations. The minutes from the "First Korean Congress" in Philadelphia (1919) and the "Korean Liberty Conference" in Washington, D.C. (1942) provide invaluable insights into these efforts. These events played a critical role in shaping American public opinion and securing support for Korea’s independence. The strategic selection of venues and the involvement of prominent American figures underscore the diplomatic acumen of the Korean independence movement.

Korean Liberty Conference ... Washington, D.C., February 27 ... 28 ... March 1, 1942. Los Angeles: The United Korean committee in America, 1942. (Main DS916 .K67 1942)
These proceedings document a significant gathering in Washington D.C., where Korean Americans and prominent Americans discussed and advocated for the recognition and support of the Korean provisional government. This material provides insight into the diplomatic efforts by Koreans in America to influence U.S. policy and public opinion during World War II.
First Korean Congress : Held in the Little Theatre, and Delancey Streets, April 14, 15, 16. Philadelphia: [Publisher not identified], 1919. (Asia DS916 .K6 1919)
The minutes from this pivotal event held in Philadelphia record the efforts of Korean Americans to support Korea’s provisional government and their appeal to the Paris Peace Conference. The congress mirrored the American fight for independence, drawing parallels to garner American empathy and support.

Western Support and Perspective

The Korean independence movement also found advocates in the West. Several books authored by Western writers, including Carlton Kendall and Fred McKenzie, offered an external perspective on Korea’s plight. These works were instrumental in legitimizing Korea’s cause in the eyes of the international community. Of particular note is Dr. Robert Oliver’s Korea Forgotten Nation, which, despite being written by someone who had never visited Korea, was deeply influenced by his close relationship with Rhee Syngman.

Kendall, Carlton Waldo. The Truth About Korea. [2d ed.]. San Francisco, Calif: Korean National Association, 1919. (Main DS916 .K4)
Written by journalist Kendall Carlton Waldo, this book offers a Western journalist’s perspective on the Korean struggle for independence. It discusses the historical context and the hardships Koreans faced under Japanese rule, emphasizing the international dimensions of Korea’s fight for sovereignty.
The Korean Situation; Authentic Accounts of Recent Events. New York: N.p., 1919. Print. (Asia DS916 .F4)
The book provides eyewitness accounts and detailed descriptions of events in Korea during a tumultuous period in its history. It reflects on the Japanese occupation and the various socio-political dynamics within Korea at the time. The accounts are intended to give readers an authentic and comprehensive understanding of the Korean situation through the lens of various observers and participants in the events described.

This book is part of an effort by the Federal Council to inform and educate the American public and policymakers about the conditions in Korea, aiming to garner support and possibly influence American foreign policy regarding the region. It's a valuable historical document that offers insights into the early 20th-century geopolitical conflicts in East Asia and the impact of external powers on Korea's struggle for sovereignty.
Oliver, Robert T. Korea: Forgotten Nation. Washington: Public affairs Press, 1944. Print. (Main DS910 .O4)
Despite having never visited Korea before writing this book, Oliver, closely associated with Rhee Syngman, offers a detailed exploration of Korean history and its struggle against Japanese annexation. His work is informed by his connections and later roles, providing a unique, albeit second-hand, perspective on Korean political developments.

Japan’s Counter-Narratives

It is important to note that Japan was not passive during this period. The Japanese government produced its own narratives to justify the annexation and rule of Korea. Publications such as History of Annexation and Present Condition of Chosen and Thriving Chosen present a starkly contrasting perspective, portraying Japanese rule as progressive and beneficial. These narratives, however, have been and continue to be heavily contested.

Thriving Chosen : a Survey of Twenty-Five Years’ Administration . Seoul: Government-General of Chosen, 1935. (Main DS916 .A5 1935)
Another publication by the Japanese administration, this comprehensive book details the supposed benefits and improvements brought about by Japanese rule in Korea, using extensive photographic and statistical evidence to present a favorable view of Japanese governance.
History of Annexation and Present Condition of Chosen. Keijo: Government-General of Chosen, 1924. (Asia DS916 .A53 1924)
Published by the Government-General of Korea, this book justifies the Japanese annexation and rule over Korea. It aims to portray the annexation as beneficial, focusing on advancements in infrastructure, economy, and education under Japanese governance.