Getting the Most Out of CINAHL: Search Tips

• Introduction
• Boolean Operators
• Truncation
• Phrase Searching
• Limits

There are a number of tricks you can use to enhance your CINAHL searches and help you find the information that you need:

• Use Boolean Operators and parentheses to build your search
• Use truncation to broaden your search
• Use phrase searching to limit your search
• Use limits to narrow your search

Knowing how to use these techniques - on their own and together - will help you narrow your search when you have too many irrelevant results as well as broaden your search when your search when it's too limited.

Boolean Operators link concepts and are used to broaden or narrow your search. Briefly, here's how they work:

AND - finds results with your all search terms.  AND narrows your search (i.e., get fewer citations).

OR - finds results with any of your search terms.  OR broadens your search (i.e., get more citations).

NOT - finds results with only one of your search terms.  NOT narrows your search (i.e., get fewer citations).

For more help with using this valuable search technique, see the Boolean Operators guide (link below) for more detailed information.

Truncation is a search method in which symbols are used in place of letters or words to help you broaden your search (i.e., get more citations).  Here's how they work:

In CINAHL, the asterisk (*) represents any group of characters, including no character. Use it at the end of the root of your term.

Examples:

prevent* finds prevent, preventative, prevented, preventing, etc.

smok* finds smoke, smokeless, smoker, smoking, etc.

Searching for phrases narrows your search (i.e., get fewer citations). Here's how it works:

In CINAHL, enclose the phrase using double quotation marks (i.e. "shift handoff") in order to find citations that have those words in the exact order.

Examples from a CINAHL search on November 29, 2021:

shift handoff finds 120 citations
"shift handoff" finds 34 citations

patient falls finds 17,644 citations
"patient falls" finds 15,471 citations

Limits allow you to restrict searches to your specific needs. For example, you may want only English language research articles published within the last five years. CINAHL allows you to limit a search to those specific parameters.

Some common limits to consider for your search are published date, English language, articles from peer-reviewed journals, and articles about research studies. For searches related to age-specific populations, look for the "Age Groups" options located in the bottom half of the list of options.

Sci/Tech Librarians Email:
sciref@hawaii.edu

SciTech Reference Desk
Mon-Fri, 9 am-3 pm
Phone: (808) 956-8263